EPA Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Environmental Impacts life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method is used together with the updated inventory data to provide impact potentials in the PRELIM dashboard interface. The variability of refinery subprocess release factors is characterized using log-normal distributions with parameters set based on the distribution of release factors across facilities. Environmental Protection Agency Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, National Emissions Inventory, Discharge Monitoring Reports, and Toxic Release Inventory together with process unit capacities and fuel consumption data from the U.S. We updated the model to add criteria air pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, releases to water, releases to land, and managed wastes reflecting 2014 reported releases and waste management practices using data from the U.S. Prior to this update, PRELIM provided results for energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum refineries with a level of detail suitable for most LCA studies in support of policy decisions. This study updates the Petroleum Refinery Life Cycle Inventory Model (PRELIM) to provide a more complete gate-to-gate life cycle inventory and to allow for the calculation of a full suite of impact potentials commonly used in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies.
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